O Subsistema Integrado de Atenção à Saúde do Servidor (SIASS) na perspectiva de servidores públicos de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior / The Brazilian Integrated Health Care Subsystem for Civil Servants (SIASS) from the perspective of federal government employees from Higher Education Institutions

Resumo Introdução: a criação do Subsistema Integrado de Atenção à Saúde do Servidor Público (SIASS) veio em resposta à necessidade de ações em saúde e segurança voltadas para os servidores públicos federais, área que carecia de definições e orientações. Objetivo: analisar a implementação de ações de segurança e saúde no trabalho (SST) no âmbito do SIASS, na perspectiva de servidores públicos federais com cargos técnicos na área de SST lotados em Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES). Métodos: estudo qualitativo com realização de pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicação de questionário online. Para a análise das respostas dos entrevistados, utilizamos a perspectiva fenomenológica. Resultados: segundo os participantes, o foco de atuação das unidades do SIASS está voltado para perícias médicas, com ausência de ações voltadas para assistência e prevenção. O funcionamento da política se depara com falta de recursos e de equipe técnica. Conclusão: a política materializa legalmente uma oportunidade para sanar as omissões históricas no campo da SST voltada ao serviço público. Porém, as unidades do subsistema não conseguem cumprir o objetivo de garantir o direito à saúde dos servidores. Há necessidade de melhorias e os servidores que já atuam em SST podem ser utilizados como protagonistas nesse processo.

Abstract Introduction: the Brazilian Integrated Health Care Subsystem for Civil Servants (SIASS) was created to meet the occupational safety and health (OSH) needs of federal government employees, area that lacked definitions and guidelines. Objective: to analyze the implementation of occupational safety and health actions within the SIASS, from the perspective of federal government employees with safety and health technical jobs in Higher Education Institutions. Method: qualitative study using literature search and online questionnaire. The respondents' statements were analyzed through a phenomenological approach. Results: according to the participants, the SIASS performance focus on medical examinations, lacking care and prevention actions. The policy lacks resources and technical staff. Conclusion: the policy legally materializes an opportunity to remedy the historical omission regarding OSH in public services. However, the subsystem units are unable to ensure the government employees' right to health. There is need for improvement, and the civil servants already working with OSH can play a key role in this process.

Importancia de la adherencia al tratamiento periodontal en pacientes diabéticos y el impacto del desapego / Importance of adherence to periodontal treatment in diabetic patients and the impact of detachment

La diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades sistémicas con mayor prevalencia en la población mundial. Este padecimiento representa uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes asociados con la enfermedad periodontal. El paciente con enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes necesita una disciplina convencida diaria y prolongada a través del tiempo (años) como única manera de reducir el impacto sistémico que deteriora la calidad de vida. Cuando se adhiere al tratamiento es posible observarlo en su condición estomatológica; sin embargo, cuando no se logra, se genera un deterioro en las condiciones bucales, principalmente enfermedad periodontal. En este artículo se presentan dos casos clínicos en los cuales se puede observar la mejoría de las condiciones bucales una vez que el paciente decide adherirse a su tratamiento. En el primero se aprecian las manifestaciones de manera notoria de un desapego en años posteriores. Se debe tener en cuenta que la adhesión al tratamiento no sólo depende de factores concernientes al paciente, también intervienen factores asociados al medio ambiente, situación económica, interacción médico-paciente, entre otros, por lo que resulta importante incentivar continuamente y acompañar al paciente en su tratamiento, así como conocer y entender la problemática de una enfermedad sistémica (AU)

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent systemic diseases in the world population. This condition represents one of the most important risk factors associated with periodontal disease. The patient with chronic diseases such as diabetes needs a daily and prolonged convinced discipline over time (years), as the only way to reduce the systemic impact, which deteriorates the quality of his life: when he has adherence to treatment it is possible to observe it in his stomatological condition, however when it is not achieved, a deterioration in the oral conditions is generated, mainly periodontal disease. This article presents two clinical cases where the improvement of oral conditions can be observed once the patient decides to adhere to their treatment. In the first one, the manifestations of a detachment in later years are noticeable. It should be taken into account that adherence to treatment does not only depend on factors concerning the patient. Also involved are factors associated with the environment, economic situation, doctorpatient interaction, among others, so it is important to continually encourage and accompany the patient in their treatment, as well as to know and understand the problem of a systemic disease (AU)

Impacto de la pandemia en la práctica de los profesionistas de la salud oral en México / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the oral health professionals' practice in Mexico

partir de la pandemia, los odontólogos han presentado una serie de complicaciones en su práctica diaria, la naturaleza misma de la profesión representa un alto riesgo de contagio y la posibilidad de generar una infección cruzada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, por lo que han tenido que limitar su labor a la atención de urgencias, adquiriendo insumos relacionados a incrementar los cuidados de su grupo de trabajo y del paciente. Objetivo: Conocer el impacto de esta plaga en la práctica de los profesionistas de la salud oral en México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a través de redes sociales a odontólogos, los resultados se expresaron con tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: Se recibieron respuestas de 200 cirujanos dentistas con clínica privada, 71% comentó haber cerrado su consultorio al inicio de esta calamidad, en contraste, el 53.5% de profesionales afirmaron tener actualmente una consulta no restringida, refiriendo que se ha visto reducida entre 50 y 75%, la mayoría reconoce que han tenido que reforzar el uso de EPP y algunos protocolos de protección, 16.5% ha padecido COVID-19. Conclusiones: La pandemia ha generado un impacto económico importante en la práctica de los odontólogos, al combinarse la disminución del número de pacientes con el aumento de gastos. Se debe considerar a la odontología como una profesión de alto riesgo, por lo que este gremio debe ser tomado en cuenta para el plan de vacunación como parte importante del sector salud (AU)

Given the nature of their profession, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought complications in their daily practice to odontologists, who are at a high risk of contracting the disease, and the possibility of creating a cross infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. That is why odontologists have had to restrain their practice to attend to emergencies only and acquire consumables and equipment related to improve their patients' care and the safety of their work team. Objective: To know the COVID-19 pandemic impact in the oral health professionals' practice in Mexico. Material and methods: A transversal, descriptive study was conducted by using a survey through social networks to gather information from odontologists practicing in Mexico. Results were presented in frequency and percentage tables. Result: Responses of 200 dental surgeons in private practice were received. 71% said that they closed their office at the beginning of the pandemic. On the other hand, 53.5% of them currently have a non-restricted practice but it is reduced between 50 and 75%. Most of them recognized that they had to improve the use of PPE and add some protection protocols, 16.5% have suffered from COVID-19. Conclusions: This pandemic has generated an important economic impact in the odontological practice, combining the decrease in the number of patients with the increase in their office expenses. Odontology must be considered a high-risk profession and an important part of the health sector, consequently, these professionals must be included in the vaccination plan on a priority basis (AU)

Resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y urocultivos en niños hospitalizados. Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 2017 ­ 2018 / Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated in blood and urine cultures in hospitalized children. Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital 2017 - 2018

Introducción. La resistencia antimicrobiana incrementa la morbimortalidad y es un problema serio en el mundo. Objetivo: Describir la resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y Urocultivos en niños hospitalizados menores de 15 años. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo ­ retrospectivo. La identificación bacteriana se hizo con VITEK XL, la susceptibilidad antibiótica con el CLSI. Resultados: Hemocultivos: Staphylococcus hominis 12,5% resistente a la Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus epidermidis, tuvo 100% de resistencia a Oxacilina y 0% resistencia a Vancomicina. Urocultivos: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistencia a Amikacina, Gentamicina y Nitrofurantoina. La Escherichia Coli, tuvo resistencia para Amikacina 1,96%, Nitrofurantoina 3,92%. Conclusiones: E, Coli, resistencia menor de 6,25% para Amikacina y Nitrofurantoina. La Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% de resistencia para Amikacina y Gentamicina. Hemocultivos: Estafilococo epidermidis, cero resistencia a Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus hominis, resistencia menor de 12% para Vancomicina y Rifampicina.

Introduction:Antimicrobial resistance increases morbidity and mortality and is a serious problem in the world. to describe the antibiotic resistance of Objective:bacteria isolated in blood and urine cultures in hospitalized children under 15 years of age. Descriptive - retrospective study. Bacterial Material and Methods:identification was made with VITEK XL, antibiotic susceptibility with CLSI. Results:Bloodcultures:Staphylococcushominis12.5%resistanttoVancomycin. Staphylococcus epidermidis had 100% resistance to Oxacillin and 0% resistance to Vancomycin. Urine cultures: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistance to Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin. Escherichia Coli, had resistance to Amikacin 1.96%, Nitrofurantoin 3.92%. E, Coli, resistance less than 6.25% for Amikacin Conclusions:andNitrofurantoin.Klebsiellapneumoniae,0%resistanceforAmikacinand Gentamicin.Bloodcultures:Staphylococcusepidermidis,zeroresistanceto Vancomycin. Staphylococcus hominis, resistance less than 12% for Vancomycin and Rifampicin.

Resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y urocultivos en niños hospitalizados. Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 2017 - 2018 / Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated in blood and urine cultures in hospitalized children. Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital 2017 2018

RESUMEN Introducción. La resistencia antimicrobiana incrementa la morbimortalidad y es un problema serio en el mundo. Objetivo: Describir la resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y Urocultivos en niños hospitalizados menores de 15 años. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo - retrospectivo. La identificación bacteriana se hizo con VITEK XL, la susceptibilidad antibiótica con el CLSI. Resultados: Hemocultivos: Staphylococcus hominis 12,5% resistente a la Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus epidermidis, tuvo 100% de resistencia a Oxacilina y 0% resistencia a Vancomicina. Urocultivos: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistencia a Amikacina, Gentamicina y Nitrofurantoina. La Escherichia Coli, tuvo resistencia para Amikacina 1,96%, Nitrofurantoina 3,92%. Conclusiones: E, Coli, resistencia menor de 6,25% para Amikacina y Nitrofurantoina. La Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% de resistencia para Amikacina y Gentamicina. Hemocultivos: Estafilococo epidermidis, cero resistencia a Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus hominis, resistencia menor de 12% para Vancomicina y Rifampicina.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance increases morbidity and mortality and is a serious problem in the world. Objective: to describe the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated in blood and urine cultures in hospitalized children under 15 years of age. Material and Methods: Descriptive retrospective study. Bacterial identification was made with VITEK XL, antibiotic susceptibility with CLSI. Results: Blood cultures: Staphylococcus hominis 12.5% resistant to Vancomycin. Staphylococcus epidermidis had 100% resistance to Oxacillin and 0% resistance to Vancomycin. Urine cultures: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistance to Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin. Escherichia Coli, had resistance to Amikacin 1.96%, Nitrofurantoin 3.92%. Conclusions: E, Coli, resistance less than 6.25% for Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% resistance for Amikacin and Gentamicin. Blood cultures: Staphylococcus epidermidis, zero resistance to Vancomycin. Staphylococcus hominis, resistance less than 12% for Vancomycin and Rifampicin.

Aloinjerto fresco de rótula y defectos osteocondrales / Fresh patellar allograft and osteochondral defects

Introducción: Las lesiones condrales de la rótula son un reto para el cirujano, principalmente en pacientes jóvenes y activos. La mayoría de los defectos condrales de la rótula son lesiones superficiales y pueden ser manejadas con técnicas de preservación articular; sin embargo, las lesiones profundas pueden requerir otro tipo de manejo. El objetivo de este artículo es comunicar el tratamiento de defectos osteocondrales de la rótula en pacientes jóvenes, mediante la técnica de aloinjerto fresco de donante cadavérico. materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron pacientes con dolor anterior de rodilla, lesión condral de la rótula grado III-IV y que habían recibido o no algún tipo de manejo médico o quirúrgico. En estos pacientes, se usó un aloinjerto fresco de rótula con el fin de solucionar el cuadro y mejorar la función. Resultados: Todos los pacientes recuperaron la función y los arcos de movilidad, y no refirieron dolor. Se comprobó la integración del aloinjerto fresco al área receptora, sin evidencia de rechazos del tejido o infecciones. Conclusiones: El uso de aloinjerto fresco de rótula para tratar defectos osteocondrales amplios es una téc-nica quirúrgica valiosa, fácil de implementar, que no requiere una curva de aprendizaje extensa y que mejora considerablemente el dolor y la función en pacientes jóvenes. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Chondral lesions of the patella are a challenge for the surgeon, mainly in young and active patients. Most patellar chondral defects are superficial injuries and can be managed with joint preservation techniques; however, deep injuries may require other types of management. The objective of this article is to manage osteochondral defects of the patella in young patients, using the technique of fresh allograft from a cadaveric donor. Materials and methods: Patients with anterior knee pain, with grade III - IV chondral lesion of the patella and who had or had not undergone some type of medical or surgical management were included. They received a fresh patellar allograft that sought to provide a solution and improvement of the functionality. Results: In all cases, recovery of functionality and mobility, absence of pain and integration of the fresh allograft into the recipient area were achieved, without evidence of tissue rejection or infection. Discussion: The use of fresh patellar allograft for the management of wide osteochondral defects is a valuable surgical technique, easy to implement, that does not require a long learning curve and that considerably improves pain and functionality in young patients. Conclusions: The advent of fresh osteochondral grafts allows adequate management and evolution of patients, with the aim of favoring joint preservation and avoiding total knee arthroplasty over time. Level of Evidence: IV

Evaluación para el aprendizaje: diseño e implementación de un mini-CEX en el internado profesional de la carrera de kinesiología / Assessment for learning: design and implementation of the Mini-CEX to the physiotherapy clerkship

Introducción: la evaluación kinesiológica contempla la realización de una rigurosa historia clínica y examen físico que orientan a establecer un diagnóstico, un pronóstico funcional, y es la base del plan de intervención. Esta competencia requiere de experiencia y razonamiento clínico para la toma de buenas decisiones terapéuticas. Los resultados históricos de las evaluaciones de aprendizajes del internado, concluyen que esta competencia tiene bajo nivel de desempeño, por lo que se deben mejorar las estrategias utilizadas para su aprendizaje durante el internado. El mini-CEX, es un instrumento de evaluación para el aprendizaje, que promueve la observación y feedback en el sitio de trabajo. Objetivo: diseñar e implementar un instrumento de evaluación para el aprendizaje de la evaluación kinesiológica durante el internado profesional de la Carrera de Kinesiología de la PUC. Método: estudio prospectivo, utilizando la me-todología de investigación acción, diseñado en 4 etapas. Resultados: se obtuvo un instrumento de evaluación para el aprendizaje, el mini-CEX, adaptado a las necesidades del internado profesional de kinesiología. El estudio piloto reportó buena aceptación entre estu-diantes y docentes. La percepción de los internos es que son más observados y que las destrezas asociadas a la evaluación kinesiológica mejoraron luego del estudio. Conclusiones: el instrumento reportó un tiempo de aplicación bajo (35 min.), lo que beneficiaría instancias de observación directa y feedback dentro de los internados. Es necesaria una aplicación a gran escala, que contribuya a determinar su validez y confiabilidad. Se requiere una capacitación formal a los docentes evaluadores y ajustar la escala.

Introduction: The physiotherapy clinical assessment competence includes the performance of a rigorous clinical history and physical examination that guides the establishment of a diagnosis and a functional prognosis, and is the basis of the intervention plan. This competence requires experience and clinical reasoning to make good therapeutic decisions. The historical global clerkship assessments conclude that this competency has a low level of performance, so the strategies used for its learning the clerkship must be improved. The mini-CEX is an assessment for learning, which promotes observation and feedback in the workplace. Objective: To design and im-plement an assessment for learning mini-CEX to the Physiotherapy PUC clerkship. Method: Prospective study, using an action research methodology, designed in 4 stages. Results: The main result was the mini-CEX, adapted to the Physiotherapy clerkship needs. The pilot study reported good acceptance among students and teachers. In addition, clerks' perception is that they feel more observed and that the skills associated with the physiotherapy assessment improved after its implementation.

Coinfección SIDA / Enfermedad de Chagas. Presentación de caso y revisión de la bibliografía / 9 CO-INFECTION AIDS / CHAGA'S DISEASE. REPORT OF A CASE AND LITERATURE REVISION

Chagas' disease caused by "Trypanosoma cruzi" (T. cruzi), is well recognized as an opportunistic infection in the setting of HIV / AIDS. More patients with Chagas' disease, live in countries of Central and South America, That's why, it is also called "American Trypanosomiasis ". T. cruzi is mainly transmitted by vectors ("Triatoma infestans" in Argentina) specially in the "endemic american area" and secondarily, by blood transfusion, not only in America, but also in the rest of the world. Many people have migrated from the endemic area of America to others countries around the world. Perhaps, some of them were asyntomatic "chagasic" patients and may have transmitted T. cruzi by blood transfusions in those non-endemic areas.. So that, Chagas' disease should be considered nowadays, as a "global pathology". In severely inmunocompromissed patients with AIDS, chronic Chagas' disease may have reactivated, affecting central nervous system (CNS) with brain mass lesions (called "chagomas"), similar to others necrotizing encephalitis like Toxoplasmosis.. We report a 32 year-old woman assisted in the Rawson Hospital of Córdoba City (Argentina), with AIDS and reactivation of Chagas' disease. Patient coming from Catamarca (north-western region of Argentina) with severe headache, unisocoria, desorientation in time and space, fine tremor, nistagmus, clonus, hiperreflexia and fascial-braquial-crural hemiparesia. Patient was afebrile and the rest of physical examination was normal. She had low count of CD4 cells and high HIV-viral load. Magnetic resonance imagin (MRI) showed: several enhanced rounded lesions surrounded by edema along the whole brain. Treatment with sulfadiacina + Pyrimethamine and Dexametasone, for a presuntive cerebral toxoplasmosis was implemented but, patient did not improve. So, cerebral biopsie was performed and it showed: intra and extracellular " AMASTIGOTES" of T. cruzi..Treatment with Benznidazol was prescribed, but in a few days, patient died.

Biomarcadores inmunológicos de riesgo cardiovascular en la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana-1 / Immune biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in HIV-1 infection

Resumen La infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana-1 se ha consolidado como una epidemia mundial. La masificación de la terapia antirretroviral altamente activa ha traído consigo un aumento importante en la expectativa de vida de los pacientes seropositivos, pero también serias preocupaciones por la aparición de diferentes comorbilidades; entre las cuales se destaca la enfermedad cardiovascular como la tercera causa de mortalidad no asociada al síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida en estos pacientes. Este artículo muestra una revisión actualizada de los biomarcadores de la enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana-1, e incluye los marcadores inmunológicos que han sido identificados más recientemente. Ante la ausencia de una estrategia para estimar el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares validada en esta población, se discute el potencial clínico y la investigación que poseen dichos biomarcadores.

Abstract Infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 has consolidated as a global epidemic. The growing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has brought an important increase in life expectancy of HIV-positive patients, but also serious concerns about the onset of multiple comorbidities. Cardiovascular disease stands out amongst them as the third cause of mortality that is not associated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in these patients. This article shows an updated review of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus-1, and includes the most recently identified immune markers. Given the absence of a strategy to assess the risk of cardiovascular events validated for this population group, clinical potential an research options of these biomarkers are discussed.

¿existen diferencias entre sexos en las redes atencionales? una revisión sistemática sobre el alerta fásica, vigilancia, orientación y control ejecutivo / Are there sex differences in attentional networks? a systematic review of the phasic alerting, vigilance, orienting and executive control

Resumen Las diferencias entre sexos suelen ser un aspecto crucial a ser tenido en cuenta en ciertos desarrollos en neurociencias cognitivas. En el estudio de las redes neuronales de la atención (alerta fásica, vigilancia, orientación, control atencional), aún no se observa un consenso establecido y esclarecedor sobre las diferencias existentes entre mujeres y hombres. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de las diferencias entre sexos encontradas en las investigaciones de las redes atencionales. Se pretende aportar una discusión que sirva como guía para considerar el sexo como variable de interés en futuros estudios en ciencias cognitivas.

Abstract Sex differences are often a crucial topic to be taken into account in certain developments in cognitive neuroscience. In the study of attention neural networks (phasic alerting, vigilance, orienting, executive control), there is not yet a consensus established and enlightening about the differences between men and women. This paper presents a review of sex differences found in investigations of attentional networks. We plan to bring a discussion to serve as a guide to regard sex as a variable of interest in future studies in cognitive neuroscience.

Reparos anatómicos del origen del músculo supinador y sus implicaciones en el tratamiento del dolor lateral de codo / Anatomical Repair of the Supinator Muscle Origin and Its Implications in the Treatment of Lateral Elbow Pain

Introducción: en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la epicondilitis se han descrito varios procedimientos encaminados a resecar el origen del extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). Un porcentaje de pacientes que reciben tratamiento quirúrgico continúa con dolor, siendo una posible causa la compresión del nervio interóseo posterior. Objetivo: describir el origen de las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador y la relación entre estas y el origen del ECBR a nivel del epicóndilo lateral. Métodos: disección de 18 codos de cadáveres frescos. Se disecaron los músculos que tiene origen en el epicóndilo lateral, con énfasis en las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador y su relación con el origen del ECRB y el ligamento colateral lateral ulnar (LCLU). Resultados: los orígenes de las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador son adyacentes entre sí, pero diferentes, en íntima relación con el origen de ECRB. La cabeza profunda se origina en la base del epicóndilo lateral superior al ecuador del capitellum, anterior al origen del ECRB. La cabeza superficial se origina en la base del epicóndilo lateral de 2 a 4 mm antero inferior al origen del ECRB y en la longitud del LCLU. Conclusiones: la relación anatómica del origen de las cabezas superficial y profunda del músculo supinador con el origen del ECRB y el LCUL, permitirían realizar su resección concomitante con la resección del ECRB en el tratamiento de la epicondilitis de manera segura(AU)

Introduction: several procedures are described in the epicondylitis surgical treatment to resect the origin of the carpi radialis brevis extensor. It is still painful for a percent of patients who receive surgical treatment. The compression of the posterior interosseous nerve is a possible cause. Objective: describe the origin of the superficial and deep heads of supinator muscle and the relationship between them and the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor at lateral epicondyle. Methods: dissection of 18 fresh corpses elbows. The muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle were dissected, emphasizing on the superficial and deep heads of supinator and its relation to the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor and the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. Results: the origins of the superficial and deep heads of supinator are adjacent to each other but different, closely related to the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor. Deep head originates at the base from the superior lateral epicondyle to the capitellum Ecuador, before the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor. Head surface originates at the base of lateral epicondyle 2 to 4 mm below the origin of the anterior and carpi radialis brevis extensor and in the length of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. Conclusions: the anatomical relationship of the origin of the superficial and deep heads of supinator to the origin of carpi radialis brevis extensor and lateral ulnar collateral ligament would allow for concomitant resection of the carpi radialis brevis extensor safely resection in the treatment of epicondylitis(AU)

Analysis on the mechanical resistance of fixation of femoral neck fractures in synthetic bone, using the dynamic hip system and an anti-rotation screw / Análise da resistência mecânica de fixação de fratura do colo femoral em osso sintético com DHS e parafuso antirrotatório

Objective: To statistically analyze the results obtained from biomechanical tests on fixation of femoral neck fractures of Pauwels III type, in synthetic bone, using the dynamic hip system with an anti-rotation screw, versus a control group. Methods: Ten synthetic bones from a Brazilian manufacturer (model C1010) were used and divided into two groups: test and control. In the test group, fixation of an osteotomy was performed with 70° of inclination at the level of the femoral neck, using DHS with an anti-rotation screw. The resistance of this fixation was evaluated, along with its rotational deviation at 5 mm of displacement (phase 1) and at 10 mm of displacement (phase 2), which was considered to be failure of synthesis. In the control group, the models were tested in their entirety until femoral neck fracturing occurred. Results: The test values in the test group (samples 1-5) in phase 1 were: 1512N, 1439 N, 1205 N, 1251N and 1273 N, respectively (mean = 1336 N; standard deviation SD] = 132 N). The rotational deviations were: 4.90°, 3.27°, 2.62°, 0.66° and 0.66°, respectively (mean = 2.42°; SD = 1.81°). In phase 2, we obtained: 2064 N, 1895 N, 1682 N, 1713 N and 1354 N, respectively (mean = 1742 N; SD = 265N). The failure loading values in the control group were: 1544 N, 1110 N, 1359 N, 1194 N and 1437 N, respectively (mean = 1329 N; SD = 177N). The statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test showed that the test group presented maximum loading at a displacement of 10 mm, i.e. significantly greater than the failure loading of the control group (p = 0.047). Conclusion: The mechanical resistance of the test group was significantly greater than that of the control group...

Objetivo: Analisar estatisticamente resultados obtidos em ensaios biomecânicos de fixação de fratura do colo femoral tipo Pauwels III, em osso sintético, com o uso do sistema dinâmico do quadril (DHS) com parafuso antirrotatório vs um grupo controle. Métodos: Foram usados dez ossos sintéticos, de um fabricante nacional, do modelo C1010, divididos em dois grupos: teste e controle. No grupo teste foi feita fixação de osteotomia, com 70° de inclinação em nível de colo femoral, com o uso de DHS com parafuso antirrotatório. Avaliou-se a resistência dessa fixação e seu desvio rotacional em 5 mm de deslocamento (fase 1) e em 10 mm de deslocamento, considerado como falência da síntese (fase 2). No grupo controle, os modelos foram ensaiados em sua integridade até que ocorresse a fratura do colo femoral. Resultados: Os valores do ensaio no grupo teste na fase 1, nas amostras de 1 a 5, foram: 1.512 N, 1.439 N, 1.205 N, 1.251 N e 1.273 N, respectivamente (média = 1.336 N; desvio padrão DP] = 132 N). Os desvios rotacionais foram: 4,90°; 3,27°; 2,62°; 0,66° e 0,66°, respectivamente (média = 2,42°; DP = 1,81°). Na fase 2, obtivemos: 2.064N, 1.895 N, 1.682N, 1.713 N e 1.354N, respectivamente (média = 1.742 N; DP = 265 N). Os valores da carga de falência no grupo controle foram: 1.544N, 1.110N, 1.359N, 1.194N e 1.437N, respectivamente (média = 1.329N; DP = 177 N). A análise estatística pelo teste de Mann-Whitney demonstrou que o grupo teste apresentou carga máxima, em 10 mm de deslocamento, significativamente maior do que a carga de falência do grupo controle (p = 0,047). Conclusão: A resistência mecânica do grupo teste foi significativamente superior à do grupo controle...

Correlação entre eletrocardiograma e função sistólica na presença de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo / Correlation between electrocardiogram and systolic function in patients with left bundle block

Fundamento: O bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE) está associado à disfunção sistólica e diastólica. Entretanto, o BRE pode ser registrado na ausência de disfunção ventricular. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre alterações eletrocardiográficas em pacientes com BRE e a funçao sistólica. Métodos: Dados arquivados de pacientes com BRE, que realizaram ECG e ecocardiograma, com avaliação da função ventricular e medida de fração de ejeção (FE). Disfunção sistólica foi considerada quando a FE<45%. As variáveis foram avaliadas pela correlação de Pearson ou Spearman, por análise univariada e multicariada. P significativo se <0,05. Resultados: 105 pacientes estudados, com 65,4 +- 13,8 anos, QRS de 150,1 +- 24,2; 72 (69%) com disfunção e 33 (31%) com função ventricular preservada. Os seguint4s parâmetros apresentaram correlação com FR: duração do QRS (>-160 ms), desvio do eixo para esquerda ou direita (> -30º ou > +90º PF), sobrecarga atrial esquerda-SAE (onda P>-0,12 s/ou fase negativa em V1 >- 1 mm²), amplitude da onda S em V3 e V4 e entalhe no QRS nas derivações inferiores. Na análise multivariada duração do QRS, SAE e S de V4 se correlacionam com a FE. A presença de duas ou três das alterações apresentou VPP de 98% e VPN de 60,4% para predizer FE reduzida. Conclusão: A duração do QRS (>- 160 ms), SAE e S em V4 >- 12 mm apresentam correlação com disfunção sistólica em pacientes com BRE. A presença >- 2 das alterações é um marcador de disfunção ventricular.

Control neural de la circulación periférica y de la presión arterial / Neural control of the peripheral circulation and blood pressure

In the XIX century Claude Bernard discovered the action of the nervous system on the peripheral circulation. In the first half of the XX century Ewald Hering discovered the baro-receptor and the reflex control of the heart rate and blood pressure. Cowley and Guyton demonstrated that sino-aortic denervation induces persistent changes in the blood pressure in the dog. The autonomic nervous system is mainly responsible for the regulation of the circulation and blood pressure in the short term on a beat to beat basis. It controls the vasomotor tone, the heart rate and the cardiac output. With the advent of non invasive methods that measure the blood pressure on a beat to beat basis (Finapres) and with the methods of measurement of the variability of the blood pressure in the frequency domain (spectral analysis) we can currently measure many variables including heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, peripheral resistances and the baroreceptor sensitivity and make some inferences about their control mechanisms. These variables can be measured at rest in the supine position, standing up, during rhythmic breathing and during the Valsalva maneuver. In this article we present a review of the neural control of the blood pressure and heart rate.

Meningoencefalitis amebiana primaria: comunicacion de dos nuevos casos Venezolanos / Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: two new cases report from Venezuela

La meningoencefalitis amebiana primaria (MAP) es infrecuente. Describimos dos nuevos casos de MAP en pacientes Venezolanos. Caso 1, Varón de 10 años, con fiebre, cefalea, vómitos y debilidad generalizada, y antecedente de inmersión en un estanque de agua días antes del inicio de sus síntomas, falleciendo 72 horas después del ingreso. Caso 2, Varón de 23 años con historia de cefalea, fiebre, vómitos, somnolencia y cambios de conducta. El paciente falleció 40 horas después. El estudio neuropatológico en ambos casos reveló MAP por Naegleria fowleri. La encefalitis por amebas anfizoicas debe sospecharse en casos de meningoencefalitis asépticas.

Primary amebic menigoencephalitis (PAM) is rare. Two cases of PAM in Venezuelan patients are described. Case 1, a 10 year-old male with headache, fever, vomiting. The patient swam in a water reservoir before the onset of his disease. He died during his third hospital day. Case 2, a 23 year-old male with a history of headache, fever, vomiting, drowsiness, and behavioral disturbances. The patient died on his second hospital day. The diagnosis in both cases was PAM due to Naegleria fowleri. Central nervous system infection by free-living amebas should be considered in meningoencephalitides with bacterial-free cerebro-spinal fluid.

Calidad de vida y adhesión al tratamiento en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en tratamiento de hemodiálisis / Quality of life and treament compliance in patients with chronic renal insufficiency under hemodialysis treatmen

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la calidad de vida de un grupo de 33 pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis y observar si esta presentaba características distintas en función de la adhesión al tratamiento. Se utilizó el cuestionario de salud SF-36 y se registraron datos bioquímicos y clínicos con base en los cuales los especialistas reportaron su criterio médico de adhesión. Se observó un deterioro importante en las dimensiones evaluadas, no obstante la función social se encontró preservada. Los resultados de la prueba t de Student para grupos independientes mostró diferencias significativas en función física, entre los pacientes con y sin adhesión al tratamiento (n = 19 y n = 13 respectivamente). Así mismo, el primer grupo reportó mejor calidad de vida relacionada con salud mental, mientras que el segundo con aspectos físicos. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazg.